Climate Change Litigation in Pakistan

Question

In light of the devastating floods and the landmark climate case of Leghari v. Federation of Pakistan, what is the current state of climate change litigation in Pakistan? What legal frameworks exist for holding public and private entities accountable for environmental damage?

Legal Expert · Accepted Answer

The Leghari case (2015) established climate change as a justiciable matter in Pakistan, with the court ordering the government to implement its climate policy. This judicial activism has continued with recent cases invoking fundamental rights provisions in the Constitution, particularly Article 9 (right to life). The courts have recognized that environmental degradation directly threatens citizens' constitutional rights.

Legal Expert · Answer

Following the devastating floods, we're seeing an uptick in climate litigation. The Pakistan Climate Change Act provides a framework, but implementation remains weak. NGOs have filed cases against both government entities and private corporations, particularly those in high-emission sectors. Courts have been receptive, but enforcement of judgments remains the biggest challenge. The creation of environmental tribunals has helped somewhat, though they remain understaffed and under-resourced.

Climate Change Litigation in Pakistan

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